章节

村落共同体的当代命运:四个观察维度

摘要

去社会学化、去社会理论化的村庄研究忽略了以下四个问题。(1)在批判社会学的视野里,村庄面临市场力量的持续冲击,后者要求土地和劳动力全部从共同体中分离,纳入作为价格形成体系的市场。故村庄转型的核心问题就是听任市场力量,还是保留村落共同体。(2)在专业社会学的视野里,如果承认现代社会还需要小型、地方性共同体的存在,以满足非市场经济性质的互助与交换,并发挥情感和社会认知方面的功能,就意味着要承认村落共同体的农业经济支撑条件在现代可能松动剥离,但它作为社区共同体仍然是正常的现代社会的基本资源;它能否在空前复杂的推压力量下采取恰当的“过海策略”,实现与社会的联结,首先取决于国家和社会把何种社会视为正常。(3)在公共社会学的视野里,地方性共同体是否被视为公民社会的敌人,首先取决于公民社会被视为应基于方法论个人主义之上还是方法论社群主义之上。从后一立场看,恰当的村落共同体不是公民社会的敌人。(4)在政策社会学的视野里,国家应该在允许农村劳动力向城市转移的同时,积极发展乡村社区,并且在解决城乡社区的经济社会不平等问题的基础上发展城乡社区衔接,避免加快城市化与建设新农村两大国家战略之间出现断裂。

作者

毛丹 ,浙江大学公共管理学院副院长、浙江大学公共管理学院社会学系总支部委员会委员、书记。

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村落共同体的当代命运:四个观察维度

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章节目录

  • 一 为什么要关心村庄转型与村落共同体的命运:批判社会学的意识
  • 二 村落共同体作为小型地方性共同体的现代命运:专业社会学的维度
  • 三 村落共同体与公民社会:公共社会学的关心
  • 四 十字路口的中国村落共同体与城乡衔接:政策社会学的问题

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